China Becomes Central Asia's Top Trade Partner — Russia Left Behind

In 2025, trade between China and Central Asia crossed the $100 billion mark for the first time, reaching a record $106.3 billion — up 12% year-on-year and a fifth consecutive year of growth.

According to Chinese customs data, China became the largest trade partner of the region as a whole for the first time, overtaking Russia, which had long held that position.

By the numbers

• Total trade: $106.3 billion (+12%)
• China's exports: $71.2 billion (+11%)
• Imports into China: $35.1 billion (+14%)
• Kazakhstan — largest partner: $48.7 billion (+11%)
• Uzbekistan–China trade: ~$17.2 billion (+36%)
• Consecutive years of growth: 5

Trade composition

China's exports were led by machinery, electricals and high-tech goods. Imports from the region broadened beyond raw materials to include chemicals, steel and agricultural goods.

China is now the largest trade partner not only for the region as a whole but for each of the five Central Asian states individually.

Xi: a new 'golden decade'

On the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in Bishkek on Aug. 31, Chinese leader Xi Jinping met Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The meeting marked the 10th anniversary of the two countries' comprehensive strategic partnership.

China stands ready to usher in a new 'golden decade' in relations with Uzbekistan.

— Xi Jinping, Chinese leader (SCO summit, Bishkek, 31.08.2026)

Xi called for accelerating the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway, expanding cooperation on artificial intelligence and continuing joint efforts against desertification.

Context

Observers note China's regional footprint is growing through major projects in communications, equipment manufacturing, 'green' mineral resources and modern agriculture. Some experts caution that Chinese and regional trade figures do not always align.