Getting a U.S. driver's license (DMV): how it works
In the U.S. a driver's license is issued not by the federal government but by each state's motor-vehicle agency (DMV), so the rules differ from state to state. The common steps are: documents, a written (knowledge) test, a learner's permit, and a road test. From 7 May 2025 the REAL ID requirement is in force — a federally compliant license or a passport is needed to board a domestic flight or enter certain federal buildings. Based on official sources.
In the U.S. a driver's license is not only permission to drive but the most widely used form of ID. It is issued not by the federal government but by each state's motor-vehicle agency (in many places called the DMV); so the exact rules, document lists and fees differ from state to state. Below the general procedure is explained on a facts-only basis.
Required documents
To get a license you usually need: proof of identity (a passport), proof of lawful status in the U.S. (visa and I-94, green card, etc.), a Social Security number (SSN) or a letter showing you are not eligible for one, and two documents proving your residence (such as a lease, a utility bill, or a bank letter).
The written (knowledge) test
The first step is a written (or computer-based) test on traffic rules and road signs. Some states offer the test in several languages. You also take a vision test.
The learner's permit
After passing the written test you receive a learner's permit. With it you may drive only when accompanied by an experienced driver. Many states require you to hold the permit for a set period (for example, several weeks or months) before taking the road test.
The road test
The next step is the practical, behind-the-wheel road test. The examiner assesses driving skills — merging, turning, parking, and obeying signs. After passing it you receive a full driver's license.
What REAL ID is
REAL ID is a federally compliant license, usually marked with a star in the top corner. To get one you need your full name, date of birth, SSN, two documents proving residence, and lawful status in the U.S. From 7 May 2025 the U.S. began enforcing the REAL ID requirement: to board a domestic flight or enter certain federal buildings you need a REAL ID or a passport.
Standard vs REAL ID licenses
Each state issues both a standard license and a REAL ID-compliant license. Most lawful immigrants, including those on temporary visas and permanent residents, can get either a REAL ID or a standard license depending on their status. In some states (for example, where REAL ID is issued only to citizens or permanent residents) the choice may be limited.
Licenses without proof of lawful status
19 states and the District of Columbia (as of September 2026) issue a standard license without requiring proof of lawful status. Such licenses allow driving only under that state's rules, but do not meet the REAL ID standard: since 7 May 2025 they are not accepted for boarding flights.
Foreign licenses and newcomers
Some states let tourists and short-term visitors drive for a limited period on a foreign license (or together with an international driving permit). However, a person who begins to reside in a state must obtain that state's license within a set period. Check the exact period and rules on your own state's DMV page.
